The titans of Bitcoin: Who holds the most BTC in 2024

Introduction

Bitcoin’s role as a market bellwether for the crypto industry cannot be overstated. The significance of tracking the largest Bitcoin holders lies in their substantial influence on market trends and investor confidence. This report focuses on dissecting the holdings of various entities – public companies, private companies, countries, Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), and mining companies – to provide a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the Bitcoin market. Public companies with Bitcoin investments have the potential to shape market sentiment as their involvement with Bitcoin is not merely a diversification strategy but often a strategic alignment with a crypto-first future. Although less transparent than their public counterparts, private companies also play a critical role. While not immediately apparent in market movements, these companies’ holdings contribute to the underlying demand for Bitcoin. ETFs are crucial for providing broader market access to Bitcoin. Countries incorporating Bitcoin into their national treasuries is a testament to its growing acceptance and potential as a hedge against traditional currency fluctuations. By virtue of their Bitcoin reserves accumulated through mining activities, mining companies directly influence the supply side of the Bitcoin market. Their decisions to hold or sell Bitcoin can immediately affect its availability and, subsequently, its price. In this report, CryptoSlate dives deep into the largest Bitcoin holders to provide insights into the impacts all of these entities can have on the Bitcoin market.

Public companies

Public companies have emerged as significant players in the Bitcoin ecosystem, with their holdings impacting both their stock performance and the broader cryptocurrency market. The foremost among these is MicroStrategy, a business intelligence firm that holds 189,150 BTC and is valued at approximately $8.32 billion. This represents about 0.901% of the total 21 million Bitcoins that will ever exist. MicroStrategy’s aggressive Bitcoin acquisition strategy has made its stock (MSTR:NADQ) a proxy for Bitcoin, with its share price often mirroring the cryptocurrency’s market movements. Tesla, Inc., the electric vehicle and clean energy company, holds 10,725 BTC, worth around $471.54 million. The company’s investment in Bitcoin, disclosed in early 2021, was a significant endorsement of Bitcoin’s potential as a store of value, sending ripples through both the crypto and traditional financial markets. Tesla’s stock (TSLA:NADQ) has since been influenced by Bitcoin’s price fluctuations, reflecting the interconnectedness of its investment with its market valuation. Coinbase Global, Inc., a cryptocurrency exchange platform, holds 9,000 BTC, valued at approximately $395.7 million. As a major player in the cryptocurrency exchange industry, Coinbase’s (COIN:NADQ) holdings are a balance sheet asset and a strategic alignment with its core business operations. The company’s stock performance is closely tied to the health of the crypto market, with Bitcoin’s price being a key driver. Galaxy Digital Holdings, a digital asset and blockchain-focused merchant bank, holds 8,100 BTC, equating to around $356.13 million. Galaxy Digital’s stock (BRPHF:OTCMKTS) reflects its deep involvement in the cryptocurrency sector, with Bitcoin’s performance directly impacting its valuation. Block, Inc. (formerly Square, Inc.), a financial services and mobile payment company, holds 8,027 BTC, worth about $352.92 million. Block’s investment (SQ:NYSE) underscores its commitment to integrating cryptocurrency into its broader payment ecosystem. The company’s Bitcoin holdings and its developments in the crypto space significantly influence its stock performance. The investment choices of these companies in Bitcoin underscore a broader trend of institutional acceptance of cryptocurrencies. Their significant holdings indicate a strategic bet on Bitcoin’s long-term value proposition. This trend reflects a growing confidence in Bitcoin as an asset class.

Company	Symbol:Exchange	# of BTC	Value	% of supply
MicroStrategy	MSTR:NADQ	189,150	$8,316,269,150	901%
Tesla, Inc	TSLA:NADQ	10,725	$471,541,034	51%
Coinbase Global, Inc.	COIN:NADQ	9,000	$395,698,770	43%
Galaxy Digital Holdings	BRPHF:OTCMKTS	8,100	$356,128,893	39%
Block, Inc.	SQ:NYSE	8,027	$352,919,336	38%
Bitcoin Group SE	BTGGF:TCMKTS	3,830	$168,391,810	18%
Voyager Digital LTD	VOYG:TSX	2,287	$100,551,454	11%
NEXON Co. Ltd	NEXOF:OTCMKTS	1,717	$75,490,532	8%
Exodus Movement Inc	EXOD:OTCMKTS	1,300	$57,156,489	6%

Private companies

Several companies have amassed significant Bitcoin holdings in the private sector, reflecting a strategic shift towards digital assets. These investments are driven by a variety of factors, including a belief in Bitcoin’s long-term value, its potential as a hedge against inflation, and a desire to be part of the burgeoning digital economy. Originally a major Bitcoin exchange, Mt. Gox currently holds around 200,000 BTC, valued at approximately $8.79 billion. This holding accounts for 0.952% of the total Bitcoin supply. Mt. Gox’s Bitcoin holdings are primarily due to historical operational activities and have been a focal point of legal and financial discussions following its infamous hack and subsequent bankruptcy. A software company specializing in high-performance blockchain technologies, Block.one holds 140,000 BTC, worth about $6.16 billion, representing 0.667% of the total Bitcoin supply. This investment reflects Block.one’s deep commitment to the blockchain ecosystem and its belief in Bitcoin as a reserve asset for the future. Tether Holdings LTD holds 55,000 BTC, valued at roughly $2.42 billion, or 0.262% of the total supply. This holding indicates Tether’s strategic position within the crypto market, balancing its stablecoin operations with a significant investment in Bitcoin. The Tezos Foundation holds 17,500 BTC, worth around $769.41 million, which is 0.083% of the total Bitcoin supply. Stone Ridge Holdings Group is an asset management company focusing on alternative investments and holds 10,000 BTC, valued at approximately $439.67 million, constituting 0.048% of Bitcoin’s total supply. Their investment in Bitcoin is part of a broader strategy to diversify their portfolio. The rationale behind these investments varies, but it generally reflects a belief in the digital transformation of finance and Bitcoin’s role as a foundational asset within this transformation. These private holdings are significant as they indicate a growing institutional acceptance of Bitcoin. Although less visible than public company investments, these holdings contribute to the overall market stability and maturity. They also shape investor sentiment, reinforcing the perception of Bitcoin as a viable and valuable asset class.

Company	# of BTC	Value	% of supply
Mt. Gox	200,000	$8,793,306,000	0.952%
Block.one	140,000	$6,155,314,200	0.667%
Tether Holdings LTD	55,000	$2,418,159,150	0.262%
The Tezos Foundation	17,500	$769,414,275	0.083%
Stone Ridge Holdings Group	10,000	$439,665,300	0.048%

(Source: BuyBitcoinWorldwide)

Mining companies

Mining companies play a critical role in the Bitcoin ecosystem in terms of network security and influencing the market through their Bitcoin reserves. Marathon, a leader in the mining sector, holds approximately 15,174 BTC, valued at about $667.15 million. This accounts for 0.072% of the total Bitcoin supply. Marathon’s strategy of accumulating Bitcoin rather than selling it for operational expenses reflects a long-term investment perspective and a belief in Bitcoin’s value. Another significant player, Hut 8, has amassed 9,129 BTC, worth around $401.37 million, representing 0.043% of the total Bitcoin supply. With a reserve of 7,362 BTC valued at approximately $323.68 million, Riot Platforms accounts for 0.035% of Bitcoin’s total supply. Riot’s strategy indicates a bullish stance on Bitcoin and a focus on strengthening its mining operations. The relationship between mining activities and reserve accumulation is a balancing act. On the one hand, mining companies must sell a portion of their mined Bitcoin to cover operational costs, including electricity, hardware maintenance, and expansions. On the other hand, holding onto their mined Bitcoin can be seen as a vote of confidence in the cryptocurrency’s future value. This strategy not only influences the supply side of Bitcoin but also reflects the miners’ perspective on market trends. Moreover, these holdings play a pivotal role in the security and robustness of the Bitcoin network. By reinvesting their profits into expanding mining operations, these companies contribute to maintaining a high hash rate, which is crucial for the network’s security.

Company	Symbol:Exchange	# of BTC	Value	% of supply
Marathon Digital Holdings Inc	MARA:NADQ	15,174	$667,148,126	0.072%
Hut 8 Corp	HUT:NASDAQ	9,129	$401,370,452	0.043%
Riot Platforms, Inc.	RIOT:NADQ	7,362	$323,681,594	0.035%
CleanSpark Inc	CLSK:NASDAQ	3,002	$131,987,523	0.014%
HIVE Digital Technologies	HIVE:NASDAQ	1,707	$75,050,867	0.008%

(Source: BuyBitcoinWorldwide)

ETFs

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are crucial instruments in the financial market, providing a bridge between traditional investment mechanisms and innovative digital assets like Bitcoin. Prominent Bitcoin ETFs have amassed substantial Bitcoin holdings, playing a significant role in the cryptocurrency market. The Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, the largest Bitcoin ETF, holds 643,572 BTC, valued at approximately $28.3 billion. This represents about 3.065% of the total Bitcoin supply. Other notable ETFs include CoinShares / XBT Provider and Purpose Bitcoin ETF, with significant holdings of their own. These ETFs enhance market access, enabling a broader range of investors to participate in Bitcoin investing. These ETFs enhance liquidity by offering Bitcoin exposure through traditional investment platforms. This liquidity is crucial, as it allows for smoother price movements and reduces volatility, making Bitcoin a more accessible and potentially stable investment option. Furthermore, the presence of Bitcoin in these ETFs influences investor behavior by providing a regulated and familiar investment pathway. This can increase investor confidence and draw more institutional and retail investors to the Bitcoin market. The anticipated approval of the first spot Bitcoin ETF in the U.S. by January is a significant development. This approval is expected to have substantial consequences for the market. It could lead to an influx of new investments, as a spot Bitcoin ETF would provide direct exposure to Bitcoin’s price movements, unlike the futures-based ETFs currently available. This could further enhance liquidity and potentially stabilize Bitcoin prices. Moreover, the approval would signal regulatory acceptance, potentially paving the way for more widespread adoption of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

ETF	Symbol:Exchange	# of BTC	Value	% of supply
Grayscale Bitcoin Trust	GBTC:OTCMKTS	643,572	$28,295,627,645	3.065%
CoinShares / XBT Provider	XBTE:NADQ	48,466	$2,130,881,843	0.231%
Purpose Bitcoin ETF	BTCC:TSX	25,284	$1,111,649,745	0.12%
3iQ CoinShares Bitcoin ETF	BTCQ:TSX	21,237	$933,717,198	0.101%
ETC Group Bitcoin ETP	BTCE:XETRA	17,976	$790,342,343	0.086%
3iQ The Bitcoin Fund	QBTCBV:TSX	13,000	$571,564,890	0.062%
Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund	BITW:OTCMKTS	10,784	$474,135,060	0.051%
Hashdex Nasdaq Crypto Index ETF	HASH11:BVMF	8,832	$388,312,393	0.042%
Grayscale Digital Large Cap Fund	OTCQX:OTCMKTS	7,346	$322,978,129	0.035%
21Shares AG	ABTC:SWX	6,142	$270,042,427	0.029%

(Source: BuyBitcoinWorldwide)

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Conclusion

With their significant holdings and strategic investments, public companies have underscored the growing integration of Bitcoin within traditional financial frameworks, influencing market dynamics and investor sentiment. Though less visible, private companies bolster the underlying demand for Bitcoin with their substantial investments, reinforcing its long-term value proposition. By maintaining large Bitcoin reserves, mining companies stabilize the supply side of the market and fortify the security and robustness of the Bitcoin network, which is crucial for its sustained operation and credibility. Countries that have ventured into Bitcoin holdings mark a paradigm shift, reflecting Bitcoin’s increasing acceptance as a viable asset class on a governmental level and potentially influencing global regulatory perspectives. ETFs have emerged as pivotal mechanisms, enhancing market accessibility and liquidity for Bitcoin. They bridge the gap between traditional finance and the burgeoning cryptocurrency sector, contributing to market stability and shaping investor behavior. Looking ahead, the collective influence of these entities is likely to propel Bitcoin’s trajectory toward greater institutionalization and mainstream acceptance. The growing convergence of Bitcoin with traditional financial assets suggests a future where Bitcoin’s role extends beyond a speculative asset to a foundational element in diversified portfolios. This evolution points towards an increasingly sophisticated and integrated financial ecosystem, where digital assets like Bitcoin coexist with traditional financial instruments, offering a wider array of investment opportunities and risk management strategies.